President Eisenhower and Eisenhower Doctrine (1953-1961)

Introduction
Dwight Eisenhower was the 34th Amercian leader who rose into power in 1953 and ruled until 1961. Eisenhower was born in October 1890 in Texas and he trained as a U.S military; thus he worked unremittingly to ease the tensions of the Cold War during his years of reign. Eisenhower Doctrine is a dialogue that was presented during the U.S assembly by President Eisenhower on January 1957 (Stookey, 2000). This was a special message that was presented during the congress that aimed to solve the issues about the situation in the Middle East. Under this doctrine, a nation could request the American state for economic assistance or any aid from the United States military forces in case a country was threatened by armed aggression from another nation. Eisenhower Doctrine focused on the issue of war that threatened the Soviet Union; thus President Eisenhower felt that a strong position was necessary to reduce the complicated nature of the situation. This is because Abdel Nasser had already taken the position of Egypt and was rapidly creating a power base; hence used it to play the Americans and the Soviet Union against each other. Therefore, the essay focuses on the President Eisenhower and his doctrine of using nukes, as well as, spooks in preventing communists and other radical takeovers.

Summary of the Situation that Required U.S Diplomatic Efforts
The situation that required U.S diplomatic efforts was foreign affairs and this was because of the demand by Soviet Union that NATO should withdrawal its military forces from East. The American nation has never had a better equipped leader in the area of foreign affairs than that of President Eisenhower (Stookey, 2000). Foreign affairs especially the issues of war were one of the aspects that required diplomatic efforts but President Eisenhower had significant experience on the foreign affairs. This is because Eisenhower had already been in the international arena for many decades and he knew many world leaders, as well as, charted with the military strategy of American across the globe. Given the complex issues and challenges that the president faced, he applied his diplomatic efforts to end the Cold War. When the president rose into power, the U.S was in amidst of stalemated and aggravated war in Korea. America was faced with a pitiless, implacable and a powerful Soviet enemy that openly sought world supremacy.
When Dwight Eisenhower rose into power, he was well prepared when it came to matters of foreign affairs. This is because Eisenhower associated with many world leaders and charted with varied American military strategies across the globe. Eisenhower employed an effective diplomatic approach and put more diplomatic efforts on war situations. This is because he did not want to let another communist nation to take over the world. The system of Eisenhower to the global associations was based on two foremost stanch diplomatic ideologies. One of them was the staunch anticommunist and this approach helped him to defeat the Nazis because Eisenhower was not ready to allow any of totalitarianism across the globe. Another approach was the recognition of the limits of the military power; thus the state was ready to spend their wealth in military because of the need to maintain peace across the globe.
Moreover, Eisenhower also knew that the nation was already spending a lot of money on military defense, which could have contributed to bankrupt in the country. Therefore, Eisenhower worked together with John Foster who was the state secretary and they came up with new policy of maintaining the security of the nation. Eisenhower put diplomatic efforts on national security; thus the National Security Policy of the U.S was implemented (Stookey, 2000).  The major aim was to deter communist aggression by relying on nuclear weapons or in case of necessity to fight in a war. The aim of participating in war was to maintain peace and reduce the economic consequences that could arise due to war issues. Another aspect was to maintain the vitality of the United States economy while building adequate strategies and finding means of persecuting the Cold War.

The Doctrine That the President Eisenhower Followed
Eisenhower followed a conservative domestic policy; thus his campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan of “I like Ike” and this is what contributed to his nickname of Ike (Marcus and Sollors, 2009).  Ike used this slogan during his campaign where he attended the crusade against the Truman administration policies regarding Korea, Communism and Corruption (Ellis, 2009). President Eisenhower also promised during his campaign that he will go to Korea himself and end the war; thus he promised to uphold a strong NATO pledge against Communism, as well as, a corruption-free economical administration at home (Stookey, 2000). Eisenhower preached a policy of vibrant conservatism and continued with the main New Deal programs throughout his presidency, which is still in action especially the Social Security Policy. Eisenhower expanded its programs and chose a new cabinet agency that focused on the health, education and wellbeing of the state while extended the benefits to many million workers in the state Lukes, 2012).
Moreover, President Eisenhower announced the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957, which required the U.S to offer military and economic assistance to the Middle East countries. The Eisenhower Doctrine was declared during the assembly and this dogma aimed to shield the American oil interests in the Middle East. The doctrine also demonstrated the growing significant of oil in the American foreign policy decision making (Ellis, 2009). In 1958, Eisenhower ordered the U.S marines into Lebanon and he also brought new changes in the U.S national security policy. One of the elements under the Eisenhower was maintaining the economy of the U.S while building sufficient military power to prosecute the Cold War and relying on the nuclear weapons to deter communist aggressions (Lansford, 2007). The origin of Suez crisis that resulted in 1956 contributed to difficulties of dealing with president Nasser of Egypt and the western supremacy. President Nasser followed an independent and provocative way of dealing with powers; thus Eisenhower administration made significant efforts to end Middle East rivalry.

Effects of Diplomatic efforts for the U.S and other Countries
Eisenhower’s diplomatic efforts have contributed to varied aspects not only in the U.S state but also to other countries. One of the effects of diplomatic efforts was to slow down the economic recession in American and many other countries. The war crisis contributed to increased economic depression, but President Eisenhower made significant efforts of fighting war in order to maintain peace. The president never wanted totalitarianism because this was linked with economic problems; thus his diplomatic efforts on foreign affairs and war control contributed to the rapid economic expansion in 1950s. Another effect is the reduction of unemployment level and inflation was generally less that 2 percent. Although conformists put more pressure to Ike to reduce taxes, the president offered a higher priority of balancing the financial plan; thus contributing to a fair economic success. Moreover, the wage earners enjoyed a prosperous decade because personal income level rose by 45 percent (Lukes, 2012). This enabled many families to purchase commodities and new houses at affordable prices and consumers also benefited from the income because they were able to purchase new commodities effectively.
In addition the poverty rate and racial discrimination decreased during the presidential regime of Eisenhower. Although one out of five American citizens lived under poverty, poverty level declined tremendously across the states.  For instance, in Northern parts of America faced problems of poverty issues because of the increased immigrants from the South to cities such as Detroit, Chicago and many others. This is because of the new farm machines, which were implemented; hence they replaced employment opportunities; hence, rendered many people jobless. However, in 1960s, President Eisenhower managed to reduce poverty issues and this is because he emphasized on the economic security and introduced new doctrines that contributed to varied changes across the globe. Lastly, President Eisenhower addressed the issue of racial discrimination; thus policies were introduced that aimed to promote unity among diverse ethnicity or cultural groups.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the Eisenhower doctrine contributed to diverse benefits one of them being the increased economic advancements. The Eisenhower doctrine, which was followed by the New Deal policy, benefited many countries both socially, economically and politically. New changes resulted and new policies were implemented such as the national security policy, which contributed to varied social, as well as, economic benefits in many states. There was a growing interest on cultural differences; thus policies were implemented that benefited different cultures both in the Arab world and the Americans. However, the issues or problems with this doctrines was that the Arab leaders saw the doctrine as an opportunity for advancing unnecessary local agendas in the Arab world. The doctrine also unconditionally contributed to political costs and political weaknesses in the U.S states.

References
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Lansford, T. (2007). Historical dictionary of U.S. diplomacy since the Cold War. Lanham, MD:
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Lukes, I. (2012). On the edge of the Cold War: American diplomats and spies in postwar
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Marcus, G., & Sollors, W. (2009). A new literary history of America. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap
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Stookey, R. W. (February 01, 2000). The United States, Great Britain, and Egypt, 1945-1956:
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