Introduction
Qualitative research in the health care field has evolved overtime and the five approaches for qualitative research are widely utilized in nursing research field. Although these five approaches have become commonly used, the role of theory in the five approaches for qualitative research is often underplayed. The quality of the qualitative research design can be influenced by the way the researcher attends to theoretical concerns in varied stages of research. Both directors of nursing and social services can develop a theory that can enable them to achieve their desired goals. Thus, the research study critically evaluates the role of theory in qualitative research in relation to leadership styles employed by both directors of nursing and social services in promotion of psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents.
Comparisons the Role of Theory Plays in the Five Main Qualitative Approaches
Similarities
The role of the theory in the grounded theory, narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and case study influence the research study in different ways. First, theory plays significant role of influencing research design such as enabling leaders to make vital decisions about things to research and implementation of research questions. Therefore, theory underpins qualitative research methodologies; hence, it can have an implication on data analysis and interpretation. The main role of theory is to influence the research; thus offering practical guidance to the researchers in order to enable them become aware of what the theory has to perform and the way it affects research design. Keele (2011) argues that the quality of a qualitative research analysis is influenced depending on the way the researcher attends to theoretical concerns at varied research process. The theoretical concerns plays significant role at all stages of research design. Although many nursing practitioners have tended to ignore the theory because they believe that they work on reality, understanding the role that theory play in both five qualitative research approaches is significant.
Differences
Grounded theory
Grounded theory is an effective method employed by researcher and it utilizes the data obtained for developing or finding a theory in research study process. Grounded theory was developed by Glaser Barney and Strauss Anselm, and it has a particular purpose which moves beyond narrative or description approach (Creswell and Creswell, 2007). Both directors of nursing and social services can use grounded theory in discovering and generating a theory that will enable them to find the impact that their leadership styles can have on the overall psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. Some researchers believe that the theory can have an obscure role in the grounded theory and other experts argue that the theory can produce better results in the research process (Creswell and Creswell, 2007). Therefore, the theory in this research will only become functional for research background and it will become a strategy for literature review analysis. This is because of the theoretical sensitivity, which can contribute to the generation of a theory is linked to sociological theories.
Qualitative research in the health care field has evolved overtime and the five approaches for qualitative research are widely utilized in nursing research field. Although these five approaches have become commonly used, the role of theory in the five approaches for qualitative research is often underplayed. The quality of the qualitative research design can be influenced by the way the researcher attends to theoretical concerns in varied stages of research. Both directors of nursing and social services can develop a theory that can enable them to achieve their desired goals. Thus, the research study critically evaluates the role of theory in qualitative research in relation to leadership styles employed by both directors of nursing and social services in promotion of psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents.
Comparisons the Role of Theory Plays in the Five Main Qualitative Approaches
Similarities
The role of the theory in the grounded theory, narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and case study influence the research study in different ways. First, theory plays significant role of influencing research design such as enabling leaders to make vital decisions about things to research and implementation of research questions. Therefore, theory underpins qualitative research methodologies; hence, it can have an implication on data analysis and interpretation. The main role of theory is to influence the research; thus offering practical guidance to the researchers in order to enable them become aware of what the theory has to perform and the way it affects research design. Keele (2011) argues that the quality of a qualitative research analysis is influenced depending on the way the researcher attends to theoretical concerns at varied research process. The theoretical concerns plays significant role at all stages of research design. Although many nursing practitioners have tended to ignore the theory because they believe that they work on reality, understanding the role that theory play in both five qualitative research approaches is significant.
Differences
Grounded theory
Grounded theory is an effective method employed by researcher and it utilizes the data obtained for developing or finding a theory in research study process. Grounded theory was developed by Glaser Barney and Strauss Anselm, and it has a particular purpose which moves beyond narrative or description approach (Creswell and Creswell, 2007). Both directors of nursing and social services can use grounded theory in discovering and generating a theory that will enable them to find the impact that their leadership styles can have on the overall psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. Some researchers believe that the theory can have an obscure role in the grounded theory and other experts argue that the theory can produce better results in the research process (Creswell and Creswell, 2007). Therefore, the theory in this research will only become functional for research background and it will become a strategy for literature review analysis. This is because of the theoretical sensitivity, which can contribute to the generation of a theory is linked to sociological theories.
Ethnography
Ethnography is the primary approach employed in field research and it mostly deals with a certain group of cultural differences. The researchers are always interested in finding the meaning of varied features including behavior, language and interactions of varied group members. This approach is initially carried out in a descriptive method, a factor that guided the researcher to find the solutions to the research questions and cultural phenomenon of interest. Thus, the theories which are driven from cultural anthropology will influence both directors in the interpretive analysis towards understanding their leadership styles and the impact they will have towards the overall psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents. Wertz (2011) argues that in ethnography, theory is a tool for selecting the observed items than in the other qualitative approaches. This is essential because it guides the researcher in interpreting and limiting the role of cultural biasness in the research.
Narrative
Narrative research is one of the qualitative research approaches that employ varied analytic practices and in a discourse form. Narrative approach is different from the other qualitative approaches because it focuses on the stories narrated to individuals. It begins with life experience of told stories narrated to individuals. Researchers offer numerous ways of analyzing and understanding narratives in the nursing research field (Maltby, 2010). Therefore, both directors will employ this approach, but they will depend on the literature material. This will enable them to find out the way their leadership styles will create an impact in the promotion of psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents.
Phenomenology
Phenomenology descries the structure of experience as they present to consciousness without remedy to theory or another assumption from the other approaches. This approach will enable both directors to deeply understand live experience that their clients have had on a certain phenomenon. This will enable them to provide description because they can grasp the nature of the things. The role of theory in phenomenology is to enable the researcher to determine in case the research problem best suit the theory; thus understanding common or shared experiences of a phenomenon (Holloway, Wheeler and Holloway, 2010).
Case Study
Case studies will help both directors to shed light on a phenomenon by studying in depth a single phenomenon including a case on individual, group or an institution. The case study intends to survey on the way an issue is discovered and it explore in the domain of a limited system of the interested case (Munhall, 2012). Unlike other qualitative approaches, case studies require identification of the theoretical perspective from the beginning of the research. This is because case studies impacts the research questions and interpretations of findings. Therefore, both directors should complete a case study before determining a theory of what should be studies by drawing from the existing knowledge (Jolley and Jolley 2013)
Considerations That Must Be Taken In Mind Regarding the Theory
It is recommendable that both directors consider the varied ways theory impacts the overall psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents when attempting to employ different qualitative research designs. They can also consider a theory when collecting and analyzing data, as well as, effectively communicate this to their targeted audiences. The theory daunts or discourages both new and experienced qualitative researchers; thus it is vital to choose the theory effective for research purpose. However, it is significant to be clear and concise about what the researcher knows when employing a theory. One can also be confident about what is being carried out, the way is done and the results that been presented because this will provide better research results.
It is recommendable that both directors consider the varied ways theory impacts the overall psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents when attempting to employ different qualitative research designs. They can also consider a theory when collecting and analyzing data, as well as, effectively communicate this to their targeted audiences. The theory daunts or discourages both new and experienced qualitative researchers; thus it is vital to choose the theory effective for research purpose. However, it is significant to be clear and concise about what the researcher knows when employing a theory. One can also be confident about what is being carried out, the way is done and the results that been presented because this will provide better research results.
Both directors should also understand that the role of theory varies when they are utilizing varied qualitative research approaches. For instance, the case study research methods intends to survey the way an issue is discovered through one or more cases within the study. It focuses on the issue that the researcher explores in the domain of a limited system through the means of the case interest. This means that the researcher studies a case study for a particular group deeply and thoroughly within the specific time period (Cooper and White, 2012).
The validity and reliability should be taken into consideration by drawing extensively on the conceptualizations of qualitative research. Both directors should examine the correlation between the reliability in order to find the solutions to the posed questions. They will also draw conclusions from validity since this will enable them to point out the significant position in regard to the role of theory in connection to research. Thus, they can entwine the problem of validity and reliability with the qualitative research definitions, as well as possibly mirror the five approaches of qualitative research to avoid the associated research challenges.
In conclusion, the role of the theory in qualitative research design plays significant role of influencing research design such as enabling leaders to make vital decisions about things to research and implementation of research questions. However, both qualitative research design approaches differ when employing a certain theory. Thus, it is recommendable that both directors consider the varied ways theory impacts the overall psychosocial well-being of nursing home residents when attempting to employ different qualitative research designs. Both directors should also understand that the role of theory varies when they are utilizing varied qualitative research approaches. Lastly, validity and reliability should be taken into consideration by drawing comprehensively on the conceptualizations of qualitative research.
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